= Solution
An <antibody-drug conjugate> couples an <antibody> against a tumor-associated surface <antigen> to a potent cytotoxic payload through a suitable chemical linker. Binding enriches delivery to <biological cells> displaying the target. Many designs undergo receptor-mediated <endocytosis>, trafficking through <endosomes> to a <lysosome>, and release of an active drug through linker cleavage or degradation of the <antibody>. The released payload can disrupt <microtubules> or damage <DNA>, killing the target <biological cell>. \b[Specificity comes from targeted delivery combined with controlled payload release.] It is relative rather than absolute: normal <biological cells> may share the <antigen>, and a membrane-permeable released payload can also affect neighboring <biological cells>. Successful action therefore depends on antigen abundance, accessibility, internalization, linker stability and payload sensitivity.
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