= Solution
Co-transfect a reference <reporter gene> expressed from a suitable constitutive promoter, such as a <Renilla luciferase> construct, alongside the experimental <firefly luciferase> reporter. \b[Normalize experimental luminescence to the reference signal] to reduce variation in transfection, cell number and recovery. The reference promoter must be insensitive to the tested <Wnt signalling> and <HNF1β> manipulations; otherwise the denominator introduces an apparent effect. Keep total transfected <DNA> comparable and confirm that the assay signals are within their measurable range.
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