= Solution
Within a specified <electron configuration> in the <LS coupling> regime, <Hund's rules> select the lowest <atomic term> as follows. First maximize the total <electron spin> $S$ subject to the <Pauli exclusion principle>. Among the terms having that $S$, choose the largest total orbital <angular momentum> $L$. Finally, <spin-orbit coupling> places the smallest allowed $J=|L-S|$ lowest for a subshell less than half full, and the largest $J=L+S$ lowest for a subshell more than half full. At half filling the maximum-spin term has $L=0$, hence $J=S$. These rules rank terms within configurations; the exceptional neutral-atom configurations of <chromium> and <copper> must also be used.
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