Solution (source code)

= Solution

\b[TODO: the coefficients and their numerical $t$ and $p$ entries cannot be recovered.] The coefficient estimate gives a modeled difference relative to the stated reference coding; its <standard error> quantifies uncertainty, and the usual coefficient test uses $t=\widehat\beta/\operatorname{SE}(\widehat\beta)$ for a zero-coefficient <null hypothesis>. The <p-value> requires the appropriate reference distribution and <statistical degrees of freedom>. In a conventional R coefficient table an `Estimate` is usually an unstandardized <regression coefficient>, not automatically a <standardized regression coefficient>; the table and model documentation must establish which meaning of $\beta$ is intended. These definitions supply no missing numerical values.