Solution
= Solution
“After accounting for bird identity and year using <random intercepts>, hatching success increased by an estimated \b[0.123 hatchlings per additional year of age] (95% <bootstrap confidence interval> 0.057–0.194).”
This describes an observational association under the fitted <Gaussian linear mixed model>, rather than a causal age effect. The diagnostic assessment below is needed before treating this inferential statement as reliable.