Solution (source code)

= Solution

\b[The individuals' <haplotypes> are not identifiable from the supplied source: the pedigree drawings are missing.] The original PDF has a blank figure area, and the accompanying TeX contains no family <genotypes>. Even the two-locus <genotypes> of individuals 3 and 4 are not stated elsewhere, so numerical <allele> pairs cannot be supplied honestly.

The method, once the drawings are available, is to use parental or grandparental <genotypes> to assign the <allele> inherited at each locus on the same chromosome. A double heterozygote with <alleles> $A_1,A_2$ and $B_1,B_2$ has the two candidate <haplotype> pairs $A_1B_1/A_2B_2$ and $A_1B_2/A_2B_1$; ancestor and offspring transmissions determine or restrict its phase. These symbols describe the general phasing problem, not invented <genotypes> for the missing individuals. If pedigree transmissions leave more than one phase possible, retain all compatible phases rather than selecting one without evidence.