Solution
= Solution
{c}
For every tuple of parameters $\bar a\in M^n$, a <downward absolute formula> transfers truth from the larger structure to the smaller one:
$$
\boxed{(N,\in)\models\varphi(\bar a)\quad\Longrightarrow\quad(M,\in)\models\varphi(\bar a).}
$$
The condition concerns every parameter tuple from $M$, not merely parameter-free sentences.