Solution
= Solution
At fixed temperature, volume, and particle number, spontaneous changes satisfy $ΔF\leq0$ because $F=E-TS$ accounts for heat exchanged with the reservoir. Equilibrium therefore minimizes the Helmholtz free energy.
= Solution
At fixed temperature, volume, and particle number, spontaneous changes satisfy $ΔF\leq0$ because $F=E-TS$ accounts for heat exchanged with the reservoir. Equilibrium therefore minimizes the Helmholtz free energy.