A distribution is <faithfulness of a directed acyclic graph>[faithful] to a <Directed acyclic graph> $G$ when every <conditional independence> in the distribution is implied by <D-separation> in $G$. Together with the graphical Markov property, faithfulness makes conditional independence equivalent to D-separation and rules out independences caused only by exact parameter cancellation.

Solution

Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2021 / iii / Paper 221 / 3 / a / Solution

 Solution (source code)