= Solution
<Exoplanet clouds> and <atmospheric haze> add scattering and absorption opacity to an <exoplanet transmission spectrum>. A high opaque deck truncates the slant path and mutes molecular bands, while small aerosol particles can produce a blue scattering slope; patchiness creates mixtures of clear and cloudy limbs. In an <exoplanet emission spectrum>, aerosols move the photosphere to lower pressure, weaken or reshape molecular features, alter the <geometric albedo>, and can heat or cool layers depending on their shortwave and longwave absorption.
Observed aspects of <exoplanet atmospheric dynamics> include eastward equatorial <atmospheric superrotation> inferred from shifted thermal hot spots, day-night heat transport measured by phase-curve amplitude, and high-altitude winds measured from Doppler shifts of resolved spectral lines. Time-variable phase curves and eclipse maps also reveal changing cloud patterns and storms.
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