= Solution
\b[The 1864 preparations contain either crude <opium> or its aqueous <Extractum Opii>; those quantities must be distinguished from a quantity of isolated <morphine>.] The following are the officinal <opium> preparations. Ratios for solids mean the <mass fraction> in the compounded preparation; liquid strengths specify <mass> per <volume> or the actual ingredients used.
* <Emplastrum Opii>: powdered <opium> in resin plaster: \b[1 in 10].
* <Enema Opii>: <opium tincture> 30 <minims> with starch <decoction> 2 <fluid ounces>. Thus the tincture is \b[1 volume to 32 volumes of vehicle], before mixing.
* <Extractum Opii>: aqueous <solvent extraction> of 1 <avoirdupois pound> of sliced <opium> with 6 <Imperial pints> of <distilled water>, in three successive portions, followed by <evaporation>. The prescribed starting quantities do not impose a fixed yield or a universal crude-drug-to-extract potency ratio.
* <Extractum Opii Liquidum>: <Extractum Opii> 1 <avoirdupois ounce>, <distilled water> 17 <fluid ounces>, <rectified spirit> 3 <fluid ounces>: \b[1 ounce of extract to the pint of liquid ingredients].
* <Linimentum Opii>: equal <volumes> of <opium tincture> and <soap liniment>: \b[half the tincture's nominal <opium> strength].
* <Pilula Opii>: powdered <opium> with hard <soap>: \b[1 in 5] of the nominal pill ingredients.
* <Pilula Plumbi cum Opio>: powdered <opium> with <lead acetate> and confection of roses: \b[1 in 8].
* <Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus cum Opio>: powdered <opium> with aromatic chalk powder: \b[1 in 40].
* <Pulvis Ipecacuanhae cum Opio>: powdered <opium> with <ipecacuanha> and <potassium sulfate>: \b[1 in 10].
* <Pulvis Kino cum Opio>: powdered <opium> with <kino> and <cinnamon>: \b[1 in 20].
<The Essentials of Materia Medica and Therapeutics by Alfred Baring Garrod (1865)>[Papaverceae, part 2, British formulas outside the bracketed American additions; underlying revision dated May 1864]{ref}
* <Tinctura Camphorae cum Opio>: <opium> 40 <grains> to 1 <Imperial pint> of <proof spirit>, with <benzoic acid>, <camphor> and <anise oil>: \b[2 grains of <opium> per <fluid ounce>].
* <Opium tincture>, \i[Tinctura Opii]: powdered <opium> 1½ <avoirdupois ounces> to 1 <Imperial pint> of <proof spirit>. Nominally this is \b[32.8125 grains per fluid ounce], or approximately 1 <grain> per 14.63 <minims>.
* <Trochisci Opii>: 72 <grains> of <Extractum Opii> in 720 lozenges: \b[one tenth of a grain of extract per lozenge].
* <Unguentum Gallae cum Opio>: powdered <opium> 32 <grains> added to 1 <avoirdupois ounce> of gall ointment. The actual nominal total is $437.5+32=469.5$ <grains>, giving \b[32/469.5 by mass, approximately 1 in 14.67]; “32 grains to the ounce of ointment taken” is not 32 <grains> per final ounce.
* <Vinum Opii>: powdered <opium> 1½ <avoirdupois ounces>, <sherry> 1 <Imperial pint>: \b[the tincture's nominal <opium> proportion], in a different solvent. This formula uses crude <opium>, not <Extractum Opii>.
<The Essentials of Materia Medica and Therapeutics by Alfred Baring Garrod (1865)>[Papaverceae, part 3, British tincture, lozenge, ointment and wine formulas]{ref}
The arithmetic uses the new <avoirdupois ounce> of 437.5 <grains>, not the old apothecaries' ounce of 480 <grains>. These are historical formulation proportions, not modern assays of <morphine> delivered after <solvent extraction>. <Confectio Opii> was omitted in 1864, and this edition's <Vinum Opii> contains no spices. The separate <morphine hydrochloride> preparations—<Liquor Morphiae Hydrochloratis>, <Suppositoria Morphiae>, <Trochisci Morphiae>, and <Trochisci Morphiae et Ipecacuanhae>—contain an isolated <alkaloid> salt rather than crude <opium>. <The Prescriber's Analysis of the British Pharmacopoeia by John Birkbeck Nevins (1864)>[pp. 11–12, 39 and 75–76]{ref}
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