= Solution
<Temperature> controls the competition between defect creation, <diffusion>, recombination, sink absorption and thermal <vacancy> emission. Consequently <void swelling> is normally largest in an intermediate <temperature> window, whose location depends on alloy, dose rate and exposure history.
At low <temperature>, many generated defects lack sufficient mobility to feed a growing cavity. Considerable <irradiation hardening> can still occur through small defect clusters, while large-scale void growth remains limited.
At intermediate <temperature>, <vacancies> and interstitials migrate sufficiently to establish the biased defect fluxes described above. Cavity nuclei can survive and receive a net <vacancy> flux, producing strong swelling.
At sufficiently high <temperature>, thermal <vacancy> emission, recombination, recovery and changes in sink populations compete more strongly with <vacancy> absorption. Stable nucleation and net cavity growth can become less favorable. This does not imply that every radiation effect disappears: <material creep>, precipitation, segregation and gas-bubble evolution can remain important.
For austenitic stainless steels, the relevant range is typically several hundred degrees Celsius; an alloy-independent peak <temperature> is not justified. Raising the <displacement dose rate> changes the balance between production and thermally activated processes and can shift both the <temperature> window and the incubation dose. Temperatures from accelerated ion or electron experiments should therefore be interpreted together with dose rate, implantation, specimen thickness and surface-sink effects.
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