= Solution
A <galilean transformation> relates <inertial frames> in uniform relative translation. For $\mathbf V$ the <velocity> of the primed origin,
$$
\mathbf r'=\mathbf r-\mathbf Vt,\qquad t'=t,\qquad
\mathbf v'=\mathbf v-\mathbf V,\qquad \mathbf a'=\mathbf a.
$$
Absolute time and invariant <acceleration> make <Newton's second law> retain its form for the usual nonrelativistic interactions. For a particle of <mass> $m$, $\mathbf p'=\mathbf p-m\mathbf V$ and $K'=K-\mathbf V\cdot\mathbf p+mV^2/2$. Momentum and <kinetic energy> are frame dependent, although an isolated system's conservation laws hold in either <inertial frame>. Relative <velocities> and collision predictions are consistent between frames. A rotating or accelerating frame instead requires inertial-force terms. <Maxwell equations> with a fixed <light> <speed> are not Galilean invariant; <Lorentz transformations> replace these relations when relativistic effects matter.
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