Solution (source code)

= Solution

<Black-body radiation> is the equilibrium electromagnetic radiation associated with a perfect absorber, whose spectrum is fixed by its <temperature> and the available modes. <Photons> can be emitted and absorbed, so their equilibrium <chemical potential> is zero. The model here retains two transverse <polarizations> in an effectively one-dimensional cavity; the resulting <pressure> is a one-dimensional mechanical <force>, not a three-dimensional <pressure> in pascals.