= Solution
{c}
For constant <gravitational acceleration>, <hydrostatic balance> gives the <atmospheric column mass> $m=p_{\rm sfc}/g$, with negligible <pressure> at the top. For the same surface <temperature> $T_*<T_{\rm sfc}<T_c$, the variable <latent heat> gives a smaller integrated $\ln(p_{\rm sfc}/p_*)$, and hence
$$
\boxed{\frac{m_{\rm variable}}{m_{\rm fixed}}=
\exp\left\{K\left[T_c\left(\frac1{T_*}-\frac1{T_{\rm sfc}}\right)-\ln\frac{T_{\rm sfc}}{T_*}\right]
-\frac{L_*}{R_{\rm wv}}\left(\frac1{T_*}-\frac1{T_{\rm sfc}}\right)\right\}<1.}
$$
Multiplying by the same planetary surface area gives the same comparison for total <mass>. The models agree for a surface at or below the <triple point>, where they use the same <sublimation> branch. The comparison assumes the same surface <temperature>, rather than the same surface <pressure>.
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