= Solution
The two voltage contacts in the inset lie along the current direction. The measured signal is therefore <longitudinal resistance in a Hall bar>, not the transverse Hall voltage.
The peaks are <Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations>: a broadened <Landau level> passes through the <Fermi level>, increasing the density of accessible extended states and longitudinal dissipation. Between levels the longitudinal resistance falls. At smaller $1/B$, hence larger $B$, some orbital peaks resolve into separate spin branches because of <Zeeman splitting>, $\Delta_Z=|g^*|\mu_BB$. The splitting becomes visible when it exceeds the disorder broadening and thermal smearing. Its ratio to the orbital spacing can remain roughly constant while both become larger relative to these smearing scales.
Without material or spin information one cannot exclude other internal degeneracies in every conceivable 2D system, but the conventional interpretation requested here is unresolved spin degeneracy at low field and resolved spin peaks at high field.
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