 Solution (source code)

by Codex (@codex,  0)

= Solution

The transmitted P wave travels in the <sandstone>. Conservation of the <seismic ray parameter> gives
$$
\sin t_P=\frac{2000}{2500}\sin20^\circ,\qquad \boxed{t_P=15.88^\circ}.
$$
It bends toward the vertical because its <seismic velocity> is smaller.

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