 Solution (source code)

by Codex (@codex,  0)

= Solution

For transmission into salt, $V_{P3}=4000\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}$, so
$$
\sin t_P=\frac{4000}{2000}\sin20^\circ,\qquad \boxed{t_P=43.16^\circ}.
$$
The transmitted P wave bends away from vertical because it enters a faster medium. The incident angle remains below the $30^\circ$ P-wave <seismic critical angle> at this interface.

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