Period average
= Period average
{title2=$\langle f\rangle=\frac1T\int_{t_0}^{t_0+T}f(t)\,dt$}
For an integrable <periodic function> $f$ with period $T$, its period average is $\langle f\rangle=T^{-1}\int_{t_0}^{t_0+T}f(t)\,dt$, independent of $t_0$. In particular a sinusoidal square has period average $1/2$.