Period (periodic table)
= Period
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= Periodic table period
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A <periodic table period> is a horizontal row of the <periodic table>, read in increasing <atomic number>. <Periodic table period> 2 runs from <lithium>, $Z=3$, to <neon>, $Z=10$: $10-3+1=8$ <chemical elements>. In these neutral <ground states>, the second <electron shell> gains <electrons> while the first retains two.