Periodic elliptic estimate
= Periodic elliptic estimate
If a periodic function $u$ has zero mean, its nonzero Fourier frequencies give
$$
\|u\|_{H^{s+2}}\leq C\|-\Delta u\|_{H^s}.
$$
Thus inversion of the Laplacian on mean-zero periodic functions gains two <Sobolev space>[Sobolev derivatives].