= Peter C. St. John
{c}
<Peter C. St. John> coauthored research on <radical (chemistry)>.<A quantitative metric for organic radical stability and persistence using thermodynamic and kinetic features by Shree Sowndarya S. V. and others>[publication title and author list]{ref}
A <radical (chemistry)> has one or more unpaired <electrons>. In a simple <atomic orbital> or <molecular orbital> occupancy picture, an unpaired <electron> occupies a spatial orbital without an opposite-<spin> partner in that orbital. A dot such as $\mathrm H^{\bullet}$ marks this electronic property; it does not mean a missing <electron> or positive <electric charge>. <Free radicals> can be neutral or charged. Terminology also has a boundary: metal <ions> exhibiting <paramagnetism> are not normally called <free radicals> just because they have unpaired <electrons>.
Back to article page
