 Phase stiffness (source code)

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= Phase stiffness
{title2=$\rho_s$}

= Helicity modulus
{synonym}

The phase stiffness is the coefficient of $\tfrac12\int d^dx\,(\nabla\theta)^2$ in the long-distance <free energy>. Its renormalized value determines the <thermal phase fluctuations> and algebraic <correlation function> of a two-dimensional <O(N) model> with $N=2$.

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