Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2015 iii Paper 9 3 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
Write . For , choose in the annular Caccioppoli inequality to be the integral average of over . The supplied Poincare inequality on an annulus givesMoving the term to the left is the hole-filling argument:Consequently . Put and choose . For , monotonicity givesDyadic endpoints can be assigned to either adjacent interval. Since , the requested dyadic energy decay isBoth constants depend only on the dimension and uniform ellipticity bounds, not on .
There is a dimensional detail in the printed hint: an annulus is disconnected in dimension one, so that Poincare inequality with a single average is false there. The conclusion still holds. In one dimension the weak equation gives almost everywhere for a constant flux for a one-dimensional divergence-form equation . Since ,This implies the required estimate with, for example, and . If , the estimate is immediate. Thus the proof also covers dimension one without using the inapplicable hint.