For the two-periodic Fourier series, orthogonality of the exponential basis gives the Fourier coefficient
where any interval of length two could replace .
Let for . Since is real,
so and is a Hermitian matrix. For any nonzero ,
The trigonometric polynomial in the modulus cannot vanish identically unless every vanishes. Since , the integral is strictly positive. Hence is Hermitian positive definite, which is the positive Fourier-symbol Toeplitz matrix result.