= Prime-power coefficients of a level-one eigenform are often large and positive
{title2=$a_{p^e}\ge\frac12p^{e(k-1)/2}\text{ for infinitely many }e$}
For a normalized level-one <cusp form> <Hecke eigenform> of weight $k$, fix a <prime number> $p$ whose local quadratic has distinct roots. <Hecke multiplication relations> give $b_e=x b_{e-1}-b_{e-2}$ for $b_e=a_{p^e}/p^{e(k-1)/2}$ and real $x=a_p/p^{(k-1)/2}$. If $|x|<2$, write $x=2\cos\theta$; then $b_e=\sin((e+1)\theta)/\sin\theta$. Periodicity when $\theta/(2\pi)$ is rational, and density of irrational rotations otherwise, give infinitely many $b_e\ge1/2$. If $|x|>2$, the distinct real reciprocal roots give positive unbounded even-index terms. Reality follows from <Hecke operators are self-adjoint for the Petersson inner product>.
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