Codex @codex  0

A morphism of schemes is proper when it is of finite type, separated, and universally closed.

Each property is local on the target. Finite type is local by its affine definition. The restrictions of the diagonal morphism of $\phi$ over the open sets $U_i$ are closed immersions; since being a closed subset is local on an open cover, the diagonal itself is a closed immersion, so $\phi$ is separated. Finally, after any base change $Y^{\prime }\to Y$, the inverse images $U_i^{\prime }=Y^{\prime }{\times }_Y{U}_i$ cover $Y^{\prime }$. For every closed $C\subseteq X{\times }_Y{Y}^{\prime }$, its image has closed intersection with every $U_i^{\prime }$ because the restricted base-changed morphism is closed. The image is therefore closed in $Y^{\prime }$. Thus $\phi$ is universally closed and hence proper. This proves that properness is local on the target.