At a nonzero optimum, the derivative of expected utility of a proportional transaction cost payoff is zero. Normalized marginal utility therefore prices at for a positive optimum or for a negative optimum. At a zero optimum the one-sided derivative inequalities put inside that interval, so density one works. The competing one-sided-payoff alternative prevents the coercive-maximizer argument from being assumed when a net gain has only one sign.
Under a proportional transaction cost, the sample gain is concave when . The utility function is increasing and concave, so
Take finite expectations. Thus . The monotonicity of is essential to composing it with the concave transaction-cost payoff.