A <quantum oscillation> is an oscillatory contribution to a metal's response as a magnetic field moves quantized orbital levels past the <Fermi energy>. For a closed extremal <Fermi surface> cross-section of wavevector-space area $A_{\rm ext}$, <Onsager quantization> gives inverse-field period $\Delta(1/B)=2\pi e/(\hbar A_{\rm ext})$. Oscillations of <magnetization> and <electrical resistivity> are respectively the <de Haas-van Alphen effect> and <Shubnikov-de Haas effect>. Low <temperature> and long <quantum lifetime> are needed so thermal smearing and disorder do not wash out the <Landau levels>.


 Quantum oscillation (source code)