= Quark mixing
{title2=$V=U_{uL}^\dagger U_{dL}$}
The up-type and down-type <fermion mass matrices> need different left-handed transformations represented by <unitary matrices> to diagonalize them. Their relative transformation appears in the <charged weak current> as the <Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix>. The <weak neutral currents> remain diagonal in the minimal <Standard Model>, since the same-charge couplings are generation-independent. Three nondegenerate generations give three mixing angles and one physical weak <CP> phase after <quantum field rephasings>.
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