Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2018 ii Paper 1 21H a Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-05
Write for the displayed upper-unitriangular matrix. Matrix multiplication givesThus is the real Heisenberg group and is its Integer Heisenberg group. The subgroup is discrete. Choose an identity neighbourhood so small thatThen the translates are pairwise disjoint, and the quotient map restricts on each one to a homeomorphism onto the same open subset of . Hence every point has an evenly covered neighbourhood andThis is the general quotient of a topological group by a discrete subgroup construction.