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In the standard spherical coordinate system, $\theta$ is measured from the positive $z$ axis. The radial unit vector in spherical coordinates isThe coordinate forms of the elliptic paraboloid are given in the labelled parts below.

For the other surface, $r^2\cos 2\theta =r^2({\cos }^2\theta -{\sin }^2\theta )$ converts toFor $a>0$, this is a two-sheeted hyperboloid, with two disconnected sheets starting at $z=\pm \sqrt{a}$ and opening along the $z$ axis. For $a<0$, it is a one-sheet hyperboloid:Its waist is the circle $z=0$, $x^2+y^2=|a|$. Both are surfaces of revolution about the $z$ axis and approach the cone $z^2=x^2+y^2$ far from the origin.

The figure shows $a=1$ and $a=-1$; scaling all coordinates by $\sqrt{|a|}$ gives the other magnitudes.

The radial unit vector in spherical coordinates is ${\mathbf{e}}_R=\mathbf{X}/R$, so $\mathbf{X}\otimes \mathbf{X}/R^2={\mathbf{e}}_R\otimes {\mathbf{e}}_R$. The identity matrix is the sum of the three basis outer products. Substitution in the given deformation gradient givesThe reference and current radial directions coincide for this spherically symmetric deformation. The positive principal stretches are therefore ${\lambda }_r=f^{\prime }(R)$ and ${\lambda }_{\theta }={\lambda }_{\varphi }=f(R)/R$. Incompressibility imposesIntegrating and using $f(A)=a$ givesIn particular $b^3-a^3=B^3-A^3$, expressing conservation of shell volume. Writing $\lambda =r/R$ also gives ${\lambda }_r={\lambda }^{-2}$ and ${\lambda }_{\theta }={\lambda }_{\varphi }=\lambda$.