= Radiography
<Radiography> forms an image from spatially resolved transmission of <X-rays> or other penetrating radiation. A source illuminates the object, and a detector on the other side records how much radiation reaches each position. Variations in <attenuation> make internal differences observable without cutting the object.
A thicker region and a more strongly absorbing material can give similar transmission, so one projection does not uniquely determine composition or three-dimensional shape. Unwanted scattering reduces <image contrast> by adding radiation that did not follow the intended straight path. A reference exposure measures source and detector nonuniformity; multiple viewing directions provide additional geometric information.
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