= Raffaele Marino
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<Raffaele Marino> is a physicist whose research includes <turbulence> in space <plasmas> and fluids with <density stratification>. A first-authored study investigated intense vertical drafts using <direct numerical simulation> of equations with the <Boussinesq approximation>. In some simulated regimes, roughly $10\%$ of the volume accounted for as much as $50\%$ of the total <dissipation>.<Turbulence generation by large-scale extreme vertical drafts and the modulation of local energy dissipation in stably stratified geophysical flows by Raffaele Marino and others>[abstract, numerical setup and dissipation concentration]{ref}
These figures concern the modeled flows, rather than a universal measured fraction of the ocean. They illustrate why the average can hide strong spatial concentration. Dividing the two fractions gives $0.50/0.10=5$: the active region's mean dissipation density is five times the whole-volume mean. The remaining $90\%$ supplies the other half, so its mean is only $0.50/0.90$ times the whole-volume mean. The contrast between the two regions is consequently ninefold.
The result gives an illuminating connection between <intermittency (turbulence)> and physical mixing: a relatively small region can dominate energy conversion. The simulations test a proposed mechanism for variability; identifying the same mechanism in a particular environment also requires observations of that environment.
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