Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2008 iii Paper 6 1 Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Write , and let be the entrywise th-power Frobenius endomorphism of an algebraic group on the general linear group . The algebraic closure is visible in the original PDF; it is lost in the converted TeX. Let be the diagonal maximal algebraic torus and the upper triangular Borel subgroup.
Choose with . Such a exists because is an algebraic closure, and . PutTransporting the standard -model through the algebraic group automorphism gives a rational structure on an algebraic group over the same field . In particular these are genuine Frobenius endomorphisms of an algebraic group, and their fixed-point groups areThe auxiliary need not be rational for the original structure: it changes the identification with the geometric group, not the field over which the transported model is defined.
For either sign, take the rational maximal torus and Borel subgroupIndeed for , so both subgroups are -stable. Conjugacy also preserves maximality of the algebraic torus and the property of being a Borel subgroup.
Finally,Neither nor is central, so neither endomorphism is . If , surjectivity of on would imply that is central. Butis not scalar in any characteristic. Thus the two nonstandard rational structures have distinct Frobenius endomorphisms, including when .