Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2016 iii Paper 203 2 d Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
Write and . We use the real boundary bounds for a unit-disc H-hull from part (c), including their reflected version. SetStrict monotonicity and those bounds give and . The inverse extends across and maps these intervals onto and .
Consider the holomorphic function on . If approaches a real outside , its inverse tends to a real with . Part (c) givesIf , every cluster point of as lies in the closed unit disc. To justify this without a boundary regularity assumption, first note that cannot tend to infinity for bounded , since there. An interior cluster point in would be mapped to the real number , impossible for . A real cluster point with would, by the reflected extension and strict monotonicity, have outside , also impossible. All remaining finite boundary points lie in or in , hence in the unit disc.
It follows for every such thatFinally at infinity, so there. Apply the maximum modulus principle on large upper half-discs, using the boundary limsup just obtained, to conclude everywhere in . Taking proves the sharp displacement bound for a compact H-hull, including irregular hulls:
For a compact H-hull inside the disc of radius centred at a real point, its mapping-out function of a compact H-hull displaces every point of its domain by at most . After scaling and translation, the real boundary bounds for a unit-disc H-hull put the corresponding inverse boundary interval inside . Boundary cluster points of the inverse over this interval lie in the unit disc. The maximum modulus principle applied to gives the bound without assuming local connectedness of the hull. The nearly closed semicircular slit makes the constant three sharp.