Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2003 ib Paper 2 13E a Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
Define by for and . It is continuous away from zero, and , so it is continuous at zero too. Its image is exactly , using . The interval is compact, so its continuous image is compact.
For any two image points , the explicit pathis continuous and joins them. Thus the reciprocal spiral with its endpoint is also path-connected. Infinite winding causes no discontinuity at the endpoint because its radius tends to zero.