Reciprocity (electromagnetism)
= Reciprocity
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= Electromagnetic reciprocity
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= Reciprocity
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<Electromagnetic reciprocity> relates the response obtained after exchanging source and receiver in a linear reciprocal medium. For suitably normalized ports it gives a symmetric scattering matrix. It does not require zero reflection. A magnetically biased <Faraday effect> provides an important optical example in which reciprocity can fail.