RELION (source code)
= RELION
{c}
<RELION> is software for statistically regularized reconstruction and classification of macromolecular structures from single-particle <cryo-electron microscopy> images. A particle image is a noisy projection with initially uncertain orientation and displacement. The reconstruction must infer those hidden quantities while estimating the three-dimensional structure. <RELION: implementation of a Bayesian approach to cryo-EM structure determination by Sjors H. W. Scheres>[2012, Bayesian formulation, regularization, hidden orientations and iterative refinement]{ref}
The Bayesian framework combines an image likelihood with prior information that limits unsupported high-resolution detail. Iterative classification can separate subsets consistent with different structures rather than averaging every particle into one object. <Regularization> does not guarantee a correct result: starting models, image quality, heterogeneity and validation still matter. A sharp-looking reconstruction is a model inferred from measurements, not a direct three-dimensional photograph.
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