= Replica trick
{title2=$\log Z=\lim_{n\to0}(Z^n-1)/n$}
For positive $Z$, the displayed identity follows by differentiating $Z^n=e^{n\log Z}$ at zero.
Integer powers of a <partition function> represent independent copies with the same disorder. Integer moments alone do not justify <analytic continuation> or interchanging disorder averages and <thermodynamic limits>.<Citation Classic commentary on Theory of spin glasses by Sam Edwards>[Edwards, 1985 commentary, replica averaging and acknowledged mathematical limitations]{ref}
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