= Reproductive isolation
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<Reproductive isolation> consists of barriers that reduce <gene flow> through <sexual reproduction>. Distinguish <premating isolation> from barriers after mating. Barriers before <fertilization> also include incompatible <gametes>; barriers after <fertilization> can reduce offspring survival or fertility. <Biology 2e by Mary Ann Clark and others>[§18.2, “Reproductive Isolation”, opening paragraphs, gametic barriers and hybrid inviability/sterility]{ref}
An assay should state which step it measures. Observing fewer cross-group matings does not measure offspring fertility; observing <fertilization> does not demonstrate that the offspring will reproduce. These distinctions make a partial barrier informative without declaring completed <speciation>.
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