Ricci curvature
= Ricci curvature
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{title2=$\operatorname{Ric}$}
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Ricci curvature is the trace of the Riemann curvature tensor in its first and third arguments. For a unit tangent vector $X$ and an orthonormal basis $X,e_2,\ldots,e_n$,
$$
\operatorname{Ric}(X,X)=\sum_{i=2}^n K(X,e_i).
$$