= Richard E. Keating
{c}
A researcher whose joint experiment with <J. C. Hafele> compared flown <atomic clocks> with the reference timescale at the US Naval Observatory. Eastward flights produced a net time loss and westward flights a net gain, consistent within the reported uncertainties with the relativistic predictions. Calibration before and after the journeys was essential because a small change in a clock’s intrinsic rate can imitate an accumulated timing effect.<Around-the-World Atomic Clocks: Observed Relativistic Time Gains by J. C. Hafele and others>[Printed pp. 168–170: time gains, clock-rate characterization and uncertainty analysis]{ref}
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