= Rossby-wave teleconnection
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A spatially localized forcing, such as persistent tropical heating, can excite <Rossby waves> that propagate wave activity into distant regions. Mean winds Doppler-shift the waves, and background <potential vorticity> gradients and jets guide or refract the packets. A stationary pattern can thus connect remote ridges and troughs even though the underlying wave energy propagates. <Group velocity>, rather than phase velocity alone, diagnoses packet propagation; damping, seasonality and eddy feedbacks affect the response.
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