Semidefinite relaxation of binary quadratic optimization
= Semidefinite relaxation of binary quadratic optimization
For real symmetric $A$, replace sign-vector lifts $xx^T$ by all <matrices> in the <elliptope>:
$$
\max_{X\succeq0,\ X_{ii}=1}\operatorname{tr}(AX).
$$
Every sign <vector> gives a feasible rank-one <matrix> with the same objective, so the relaxed maximum is an upper bound. The omitted rank-one condition is substantive: an arbitrary feasible <Gram matrix> need not come from signs.