Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2021 iii Paper 156 3 c Solution 2026-09-28
First forget one puncture from the four-punctured sphere. Parts a and b giveNow forget the fifth puncture of . The Birman exact sequence gives
Choose a minimal free generating pair of and lifts in . Let . The restriction is surjective. Since is generated by two elements and has minimal generator number two, the stated Hopf-type fact makes an isomorphism. Thus and .
For any , choose with . Then , so . The kernel is normal by exactness. We have proved the semidirect-product decomposition of the pure mapping class group of the five-punctured sphereThe minimal generating-set sizes are therefore