Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2014 iii Paper 29 3 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
Let . The reflection at infinity used in part (a) gives analytic expansions there for both inverse maps. In particular,uniformly for large , including approach close to the real axis.
Fix . If were unbounded on , there would be points there with tending to infinity in modulus. The inverse expansion would imply , contradicting boundedness of . Thus is bounded on every bounded portion of its domain, including points arbitrarily near a rough hull boundary. This is the inverse-at-infinity criterion for local boundedness of a mapping-out function.
On the region for sufficiently large , the expansion of gives . On the remaining bounded region, the preceding bound for and the bound for give a finite bound for their difference. ThereforeThe argument uses reflection near infinity only. It does not assume that the real part of the map extends continuously at every point of an arbitrary hull; the sharp displacement bound for a compact H-hull is a further quantitative version of this boundedness.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2016 iii Paper 203 2 d Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
Write and . We use the real boundary bounds for a unit-disc H-hull from part (c), including their reflected version. SetStrict monotonicity and those bounds give and . The inverse extends across and maps these intervals onto and .
Consider the holomorphic function on . If approaches a real outside , its inverse tends to a real with . Part (c) givesIf , every cluster point of as lies in the closed unit disc. To justify this without a boundary regularity assumption, first note that cannot tend to infinity for bounded , since there. An interior cluster point in would be mapped to the real number , impossible for . A real cluster point with would, by the reflected extension and strict monotonicity, have outside , also impossible. All remaining finite boundary points lie in or in , hence in the unit disc.
It follows for every such thatFinally at infinity, so there. Apply the maximum modulus principle on large upper half-discs, using the boundary limsup just obtained, to conclude everywhere in . Taking proves the sharp displacement bound for a compact H-hull, including irregular hulls: