= Shiing-Shen Chern
{c}
<Shiing-Shen Chern> developed methods connecting <curvature>, <differential geometry> and topological invariants. His joint work with <James Simons> constructs secondary characteristic forms from connections.<Characteristic forms and geometric invariants by Shiing-Shen Chern and James Simons>[Original byline and introduction]{ref}
The key relation expresses a characteristic curvature form as an <exterior derivative> on an appropriate total space. Its primitive carries geometric information beyond the original cohomology class. The resulting <Chern-Simons forms> connects local differential forms with global invariants and later applications in <mathematical physics>.<Characteristic forms and geometric invariants by Shiing-Shen Chern and James Simons>[Theorem 2.12, equation 3.1 and Proposition 3.2]{ref}
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