= Shubnikov-de Haas effect
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= Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation
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The Shubnikov-de Haas effect is an oscillatory variation of electrical resistance with magnetic field caused by <Landau levels> moving through the <Fermi energy>. As the density of accessible states near that energy changes, the conductivity and scattering response oscillate.
A measurement sweeps field at low temperature while recording a longitudinal voltage for a controlled current. Oscillations are commonly approximately periodic in inverse field for a fixed closed Fermi-surface orbit. Their period probes the orbit area, while temperature-dependent amplitude constrains a <cyclotron effective mass>. Disorder and thermal broadening can wash out the oscillations even when a Fermi surface exists. The effect is a transport measurement, distinct from the oscillating magnetization measured in the thermodynamic quantum-oscillation counterpart.
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