Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2013 iii Paper 52 2 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Let denote the front speed in the stationary upstream frame. In the shock frame, the upstream and downstream velocities are and . Taking in the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions for a perfect gas givesThe downstream laboratory velocity is , which distinguishes the gas speed from the front speed.
For the planar blast-wave energy scaling of a self-similar blast wave, integration of the total energy density over the shocked interval gives the energy per unit area on this side:The similarity solution makes time-independent; a finite positive explosion energy requires . Conservation of energy therefore gives for the expanding front. Integrating from ,If denotes the one-sided energy, . If the released energy feeds two symmetric fronts, and . In either convention the requested scaling is . The constant depends on the similarity profiles and the energy convention; energy conservation determines the exponent without solving those profiles. The Strong-shock Rankine-Hugoniot conditions additionally fix and .
Planar blast-wave energy scaling 2026-10-07
For a planar adiabatic explosion with energy per unit area in a uniform medium of mass density , the conserved energy has form , with a finite positive integral of the similarity profiles. Hence . If is shared by two fronts, its fraction assigned to either side is absorbed into .
Similarity profile 2026-10-07
A similarity profile is the time-independent function left after expressing a evolving field in its scaled coordinate, for example . Integrating such profiles converts a global conservation law into an algebraic relation among the time-dependent scales.